Overview
What is a knee
replacement?
A knee replacement resurfaces the worn ends of the thigh and shin bones with smooth metal and plastic components. Depending on the pattern of wear, this may be a total or a partial (half) knee replacement.
Could it be time?
You may benefit from a knee replacement if you recognise several of these:
Pain in or around the knee when walking
Difficulty with stairs or getting out of a chair
Swelling and stiffness
The knee giving way or locking
Pain at night or at rest
A developing bow-legged or knock-kneed shape
Who it helps
Conditions treated
The operation
What happens on the day
Every knee planned in detail
1
Anaesthetic
Usually a spinal anaesthetic with sedation, often combined with local anaesthetic around the knee for comfort.
2
Preparing the surfaces
The worn ends of the femur and tibia are precisely shaped to fit the new components.
3
Fitting the implant
Metal components with a smooth plastic insert are fitted and balanced so the knee is stable through its full movement.
4
Early movement
Physiotherapy starts on the day of surgery or the next morning to get the knee bending and straightening.
Recovery
Your recovery timeline
Typical milestones — your own plan will be tailored to you.
Day 0–1
Standing with physio
Getting up with a frame and starting gentle bending exercises.
Days 1–3
Home
Once you are walking safely with crutches and managing stairs.
Week 2
Wound check
Daily exercises to build bend and straighten — the most important phase.
Week 6
Review with Mr Allen
Swelling is settling; many patients return to driving around now.
Month 3
Everyday comfort
Most daily activities are comfortable; low-impact sport such as cycling and swimming.
Year 1
Full benefit
Swelling and stiffness continue to improve for up to a year after surgery.
Risks
An honest conversation
Knee replacement is very safe, but every operation carries some risk. Mr Allen will explain each one, how likely it is, and what is done to minimise it.
Infection
Blood clots (DVT / PE)
Stiffness
Ongoing pain or swelling
Nerve or blood vessel injury
Wear or loosening over time
Knee replacement — patient guide
Everything on this page in a printable guide to read at home and share with family.
Questions
Frequently
asked
Can’t find your answer? The practice team is happy to help.
Appointments
Do I need a GP referral?
If you are using private medical insurance, your insurer will usually ask for a GP referral. If you are paying for yourself you can book directly — we simply ask for your GP’s details so they can be kept informed.
How long will a new hip or knee last?
Answer to follow: awaiting client copy.
Will I be asleep for the operation?
Most hip and knee replacements are done under a spinal anaesthetic with sedation, so you are comfortable and drowsy. A general anaesthetic is also possible.
How long will I be in hospital?
Answer to follow: awaiting client copy.
When can I drive again?
Answer to follow: awaiting client copy.
What are the risks?
Answer to follow: awaiting client copy.
Can I pay for my own treatment?
Yes. Self-pay patients receive a clear, fixed-price quote for surgery after their consultation.